Leaf chlorophyll content as a possible diagnostic mean for the evaluation of plant nitrogen uptake from the soil

The influence of temperature, irradiance, and soil humidity on the nitrogen (N) concentration in some organs, chlorophyll in the leaves, N uptake and accumulation of dry matter in plants of winter wheat was investigated. In the plants grown under equal initial N supplement but in contrasting conditions of the evironment, the correlation between concentration of total N and chlorophyll in the leaves was absent. No interrelationship was found between concentration of total N in the leaves and accumulation of N and dry matter in the whole plants. There is a close correlation between chlorophyll in the leaves, accumulation of total N, and dry matter of the whole plant. It was concluded that chlorophyll is a more stable informative parameter for the estimation of the N uptake from the soil under different growth conditions than leaf N concentration.     

Examination of thermal and acid hydrolysis procedures in characterization of soil organic matter

Abstract

Differential thermogravimetry (DTG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and stepwise thermogravimetry (STG), together with two acid hydrolysis methods (hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid in a single step, and hydrolysis with sulfuric acid in two steps), were evaluated to determine the quality of four plant materials (Medicago sativa, Eucalyptus globulus, Quercus ilex, and Pinus halepensis) before and after mixing with a red earth. These quality indices were then compared with the same materials in the field, whether their decomposition could be predicted. All the thermal methods gave poor results. In both DTG and DSC, the presence of the mineral matrix gave rise to strong distortions in the spectra. Since the spectrum of any mixture is not simply the sum of the spectra of the two components (organic matter + mineral matter), these distortions could not be corrected by simply subtracting the spectrum of the red earth alone. STG trials also gave poor results, because the presence of the mineral matrix greatly increased the quality indices, and reduced the ability of the method to distinguish between organic matter qualities. In view of our results, the usefulness of thermal methods in the characterization of soil organic matter would seem to be restricted to certain organic horizons (L, F, and perhaps H). In contrast, methods based on acid hydrolysis were comparatively more satisfactory. Their resolution (ability to distinguish organic matter qualities) was much higher than that of thermal methods. However, they were able to distinguish carbon more accurately than nitrogen. The sulfuric acid method, unlike the hydrochloric acid method, was affected by the presence of a mineral matrix. While both methods could be improved, in their present form they seem to operate as good predictors of carbon and nitrogen mineralization.     

广西农产品物流企业WLC品牌元素的选择研究

针对广西农产品物流企业的特点,从众多影响企业品牌建设与发展的因素中,采用AHP-TOPSIS模型选择确定品牌全生命周期阶段对品牌竞争力影响力度最大的品牌元素,以实现品牌的可持续发展。     

Does returning sites of historic peri‐urban waste disposal to vegetable production pose a risk to human health? – A case study near Manchester,UK

Urban waste disposal occurred on fenland to the west of Manchester, England, between 1900 and 1964. The reclaimed fenland, Chat Moss, is now used for mixed arable farming. A total of 1.92 Mt of waste including privy midden, street sweepings, clinkers and slaughterhouse refuse was incorporated into the moss resulting in a modified topsoil with raised pH and reduced organic matter content compared with the subsoil. Elevated levels of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) are observed in the topsoil beyond the typical depth of atmospheric contamination; Cd and As concentrations exceed soil guideline values (SGVs) at 1.8 and 43 mg/kg, respectively. Sequential extraction indicates that waste‐derived Pb, Zn and Ni remain predominantly in the residual fraction, whereas Cu was mainly organically bound. Arsenic was predominately found in oxide and organic matter fractions with Cd in carbonate, oxide, organic matter and residual fractions. Pot trials indicated limited uptake of PTEs by vegetables grown on the waste‐amended soil, with the exception of Cd uptake by lettuce (0.22 mg/kg FW) and Pb uptake by radish (0.16 mg/kg FW), which exceeded current EU limits of 0.2 and 0.1 mg/kg FW, respectively. Hazard quotients (HQs) identified no risks to adults from consumption of vegetables grown in these soils with the exception of lettuce consumption with a HQ of 1.4. Risks to children were slightly greater with HQs >1 for Cd in lettuce, spinach, carrots and onion, As in lettuce, parsley and onion and for Zn in spinach.     

赣南不同土壤类型脐橙园叶片营养状况研究

从赣南10个区县的沙质红壤、黏性红壤、紫色土和黄壤共131个果园采样测试了叶片营养元素含量，分析营养丰缺状况。赣南脐橙园普遍存在叶片N、K过量和Mg、Zn同时缺乏的问题。叶片N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe和 Mn在不同土壤类型的果园间存在显著性差异（P<0.05）：沙性红壤果园P、Fe更为丰富。黏性红壤果园N含量最高，K的过量程度和 Mg的缺乏程度都最轻。黄壤果园P更丰富，Ca更缺乏，Mn最容易过量。紫色土果园N、P含量最低，K最易过量，Ca较丰富，Mg最缺乏，有部分pH较高的果园植株缺Fe。叶片S、Zn、Cu、B和Mo 在不同土壤类型的果园间差异不显著（P>0.05），但有相当比例的脐橙园叶片缺Cu，少量果园叶片缺B，所有果园叶片S和Mo在适宜范围内。赣南脐橙园叶片N、K过量和Mg、Zn缺乏的情况较为普遍，不同土壤类型的脐橙园叶片N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe和 Mn营养丰缺状况存在显著性差异（P>0.05）。     

Concentrations of macro- and micro-elements in the milk of pasture-fed thoroughbred mares

OBJECTIVE: To determine the changes in Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, S, Cu, Fe and Zn concentrations of milk during the lactation in pasture-fed Thoroughbred mares and then calculate the dietary mineral requirements of the sucking foal and the lactating mare. PROCEDURE: Milk was sampled on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 and at various times between 55 to 65, 85 to 95 and 135 to 150 days after parturition from 21 pasture-fed mares. The concentrations of macro- and micro-elements in the milk were determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry. RESULTS: Concentrations (mg/L) of these elements were highest in colostrum (Mg 302, Na 561, K 955, S 1035, Cu 0.76, Fe 0.79 and Zn 5.5) except for Ca (1245) and P (895), which where highest on day 7. The mean milk mineral element concentrations (mg/L) over days 55 to 150 were Ca 843, P 543, Mg 47, Na 120, K 590, S 219, Cu 0.19, Fe 0.34 and Zn 2.1. The mean plasma element concentrations (mg/L) over the same period were Ca 120, P 77.1, Mg 17.0, Na 3110, K 168, S 983, Cu 1.1, Fe 1.5 and Zn 0.49. Concentration gradients between plasma and milk were observed and, in the case of Ca, P, Mg, K and Zn, their concentrations in milk were greater than those in plasma, while a reverse situation was observed for Na, S, Cu and Fe. CONCLUSION: With the exception of Ca and P, the highest concentrations of mineral elements were observed in the colostrum. The nursing foal should have access to good pasture or creep feed, because the intakes of Ca, P and Cu from milk may be less than optimum to meet the daily mineral element requirements.     

氮素形态不同配比对黄瓜生长和性别分化的影响（初报）

采用基质培养研究氮素形态不同配比对黄瓜生长及性别分化的影响,结果表明用纯NO3--N营养液处理,黄瓜植株营养生长旺盛,当NH4 -N占25％和50％时,黄瓜的生殖生长明显促进,表现为比纯NO3--N处理第一雌花低0.4、0.6节,雌花率增加了23.9％、31.0％,单株产量增加了35.3％、28.7％。叶片和果实中矿物元素钾增加了0.02％～1.41％,铁增加了11～124,ug/g DW,锌增加了37.6～47.0μg/g DW,镁、锰、铜差异不大。黄瓜在不同生育期对氮素形态的敏感性有差异,幼苗期比生长旺盛期不敏感。     

四种鲜牛肝菌成分分析

采用原子吸收分光光度法、比色法等方法对美味牛肝菌、华美牛肝菌、美柄牛肝菌和绒柄牛肝菌4种鲜牛肝菌的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、矿质元素、有害元素的含量进行测定.结果表明,4种鲜牛肝菌中,粗蛋白、粗脂肪、总糖和粗纤维的含量范围分别是4.38%～5.42%、2.47%～3.07%、1.26%～3.85%、1.23%～1.56%;矿质元素铁、锌、钙的含量范围分别是19.62～37.96mg/kg、6.53～9.67mg/kg、146.23～298.02mg/kg;总砷含量未检出,有害元素总汞、铅、镉的含量范围分别是0.06～0.73mg/kg、0.4～0.62mg/kg、0.075～0.105mg/kg.结论：这4种野生鲜牛肝菌含有丰富的营养成分,但华美牛肝菌、美柄牛肝菌中总汞含量较高,值得关注.     

纽荷尔脐橙缺硼表现与其硼、糖含量年变化的关系

 研究了赣南‘纽荷尔’和‘朋娜’脐橙果实及叶片的硼和可溶性糖含量的年变化。结果表明: 幼果期两品种果皮硼含量均较高, 之后果皮与果肉硼含量均趋下降, 但在果实膨大中后期均出现显著上升。纽荷尔越冬老叶硼含量趋明显下降并居较低水平, 而朋娜老叶硼含量变幅小且相对较高。果实膨大中后期两品种果皮和果肉的可溶性糖含量均与果实硼含量出现同步积累, 此时二者老叶和朋娜春梢叶的糖含量均出现低谷, 而对应纽荷尔春梢叶糖含量并无明显下降。     

黑杨派南方型无性系高生长与气候条件的斜率关联度分析

用灰色系统理论的斜率关联度分析法，求得影响黑杨派南方型无性系高生长的主要气候因子依次为：降水量、极低温、极高温、蒸发量、日照时数、积温、年均温（或相至湿度）、相以湿度（或年均温）、无霜期。